Multiparametric ultrasound and micro-ultrasound in prostate cancer: a comprehensive review

Author:

Dias Adriano Basso1,O’Brien Ciara1,Correas Jean-Michel2,Ghai Sangeet1

Affiliation:

1. Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network–Mount Sinai Hospital–Women’s College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

2. Department of Adult Radiology, Paris University and Necker University Hospital, Paris, France

Abstract

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-cutaneous cancer diagnosed in males. Traditional tools for screening and diagnosis, such as prostate-specific antigen, digital rectal examination and conventional transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), present low accuracy for PCa detection. Multiparametric MRI has become a game changer in the PCa diagnosis pathway and MRI-targeted biopsies are currently recommended for males at risk of clinically significant PCa, even in biopsy-naïve patients. Recent advances in ultrasound have also emerged with the goal to provide a readily accessible and cost-effective tool for detection of PCa. These newer techniques include elastography and contrast-enhanced ultrasound, as well as improved B-mode and Doppler techniques. These modalities can be combined to define a novel ultrasound approach, multiparametric ultrasound. High frequency Micro-ultrasound has emerged as a promising imaging technology for PCa diagnosis. Initial results have shown high sensitivity of Micro-ultrasound in detecting PCa in addition to its potential in improving the accuracy of targeted biopsies, based on targeting under real-time visualization, rather than relying on cognitive/fusion software MRI-transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy.

Publisher

British Institute of Radiology

Subject

Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging,General Medicine

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