Optimal Economic Research of Microgrids Based on Multi-Strategy Integrated Sparrow Search Algorithm under Carbon Emission Constraints

Abstract

In the global transition towards sustainable energy, microgrids are emerging as a core component of distributed energy systems and a pivotal technology driving this transformation. By integrating renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power, microgrids not only enhance energy efficiency and reduce reliance on traditional energy sources but also bolster grid stability and mitigate the risk of widespread power outages. Consequently, microgrids demonstrate significant potential in improving the reliability of power supply and facilitating flexibility in energy consumption. However, the operational planning and optimization of microgrids are faced with complex challenges characterized by multiple objectives and constraints, making the reduction in operational costs a focal point of research. This study fully considers an operational model for a microgrid that incorporates distributed energy resources and comprehensive costs, integrating a battery storage system to ensure three-phase balance. The microgrid model includes photovoltaic power generation, wind power generation, fuel cells, micro-gas turbines, energy storage systems, and loads. The objectives of operating and maintaining this microgrid primarily involve optimizing dispatch, energy consumption, and pollution emissions, aiming to reduce carbon emissions and minimize total costs. To achieve these goals, the study introduces a carbon emission constraint strategy and proposes an improved Multi-Strategy Integrated Sparrow Search Algorithm (MISSA). By applying the MISSA to solve the operational problems of the microgrid and comparing it with other algorithms, the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the carbon emission constraint strategy in the microgrid’s operation. Furthermore, the results prove that the MISSA can achieve the lowest comprehensive operational costs for the microgrid, confirming its effectiveness in addressing the operational challenges of the microgrid.