Intrinsic Effects of Exposome in Atopic Dermatitis: Genomics, Epigenomics and Regulatory Layers
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Published:2023-06-12
Issue:12
Volume:12
Page:4000
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ISSN:2077-0383
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Container-title:Journal of Clinical Medicine
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language:en
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Short-container-title:JCM
Author:
Grafanaki Katerina12ORCID, Antonatos Charalabos3ORCID, Maniatis Alexandros2, Petropoulou Antonia2, Vryzaki Eleftheria1, Vasilopoulos Yiannis3, Georgiou Sophia1, Gregoriou Stamatis4ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Department of Dermatology-Venereology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece 2. Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece 3. Laboratory of Genetics, Section of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece 4. Department of Dermatology-Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Andreas Sygros Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 16121 Athens, Greece
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) or atopic eczema is an increasingly manifested inflammatory skin disorder of complex etiology which is modulated by both extrinsic and intrinsic factors. The exposome includes a person’s lifetime exposures and their effects. We recently reviewed the extrinsic exposome’s environmental risk factors that contribute to AD. The periods of pregnancy, infancy, and teenage years are recognized as crucial stages in the formation of AD, where the exposome leads to enduring impacts on the immune system. However, research is now focusing on the interactions between intrinsic pathways that are modulated by the extrinsic exposome, including genetic variation, epigenetic modifications, and signals, such as diet, stress, and microbiome interactions. As a result, immune dysregulation, barrier dysfunction, hormonal fluctuations, and skin microbiome dysbiosis are important factors contributing to AD development, and their in-depth understanding is crucial not only for AD treatment but also for similar inflammatory disorders.
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