Advancements and Challenges in Additively Manufactured Functionally Graded Materials: A Comprehensive Review

Author:

Alkunte Suhas1,Fidan Ismail2ORCID,Naikwadi Vivekanand2,Gudavasov Shamil2,Ali Mohammad Alshaikh2,Mahmudov Mushfig2,Hasanov Seymur3,Cheepu Muralimohan4ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Engineering Technology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA

2. Additive Manufacturing Research and Innovation Laboratory, Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, TN 38505, USA

3. Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

4. Department of Materials System Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48547, Republic of Korea

Abstract

This paper thoroughly examines the advancements and challenges in the field of additively manufactured Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs). It delves into conceptual approaches for FGM design, various manufacturing techniques, and the materials employed in their fabrication using additive manufacturing (AM) technologies. This paper explores the applications of FGMs in diverse fields, including structural engineering, automotive, biomedical engineering, soft robotics, electronics, 4D printing, and metamaterials. Critical issues and challenges associated with FGMs are meticulously analyzed, addressing concerns related to production and performance. Moreover, this paper forecasts future trends in FGM development, highlighting potential impacts on diverse industries. The concluding section summarizes key findings, emphasizing the significance of FGMs in the context of AM technologies. This review provides valuable insights to researchers, practitioners, and stakeholders, enhancing their understanding of FGMs and their role in the evolving landscape of AM.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,Mechanical Engineering,Mechanics of Materials

Reference159 articles.

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2. Hasanov, S., Alkunte, S., Rajeshirke, M., Gupta, A., Huseynov, O., Fidan, I., Alifui-Segbaya, F., and Rennie, A. (2021). Review on Additive Manufacturing of Multi-Material Parts: Progress and Challenges. J. Manuf. Mater. Process., 6.

3. Fidan, I., Huseynov, O., Ali, M.A., Alkunte, S., Rajeshirke, M., Gupta, A., Hasanov, S., Tantawi, K., Yasa, E., and Yilmaz, O. (2023). Recent Inventions in Additive Manufacturing: Holistic Review. Inventions, 8.

4. (2023, December 20). History|Computational Mechanics Research Laboratory—Prof. Jeongho Kim. Available online: https://cmrl.uconn.edu/functionally-graded-materials-conference/conference-information/history/.

5. Dai, Y., Yan, X., and Dai, J. (2012). Co-Extrusion Preparation Method of Polymer Functionally Gradient Materials (FGM) and Products. (CN101618595B), Available online: https://patents.google.com/patent/CN101618595B/en.

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