Achilles Tendinopathy Pathogenesis and Management: A Narrative Review
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Published:2023-08-30
Issue:17
Volume:20
Page:6681
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ISSN:1660-4601
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Container-title:International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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language:en
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Short-container-title:IJERPH
Author:
Tarantino Domiziano1, Mottola Rosita1, Resta Giuseppina2, Gnasso Rossana1, Palermi Stefano1ORCID, Corrado Bruno1, Sirico Felice1ORCID, Ruosi Carlo1ORCID, Aicale Rocco3
Affiliation:
1. Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy 2. Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Casa di Cura di Bernardini, 74121 Taranto, Italy 3. Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84084 Baronissi, Italy
Abstract
The Achilles tendon is the thickest and strongest tendon of the human body, and it is frequently injured during sports activity. The incidence of Achilles tendon pathologies has increased over recent decades, especially in the last few years, because of increased sports participation among the general population and due to the diffusion of competitive sports at a high level. Tendinopathies are common in athletes and in middle-aged overweight patients. The term “tendinopathy” refers to a condition characterised clinically by pain and swelling, with functional limitations of tendon and nearby structures, and consequently to chronic failure of healing response process. Tendinopathies can produce marked morbidity, and at present, scientifically validated management modalities are limited. Despite the constantly increasing interest and number of studies about Achilles tendinopathy (AT), there is still not a consensual point of view on which is the best treatment, and its management is still controversial. AT can be treated conservatively primarily, with acceptable results and clinical outcomes. When this approach fails, surgery should be considered. Several surgical procedures have been described for both conditions with a relatively high rate of success with few complications and the decision for treatment in patients with AT should be tailored on patient’s needs and level of activity. The aim of this article is to give insights about the pathogenesis and most used and recent treatment options for AT.
Subject
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
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