1. School of Safety Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
2. Hefei Institute for Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Hefei 230601, China
3. Defense Engineering Institute, AMS, PLA, Beijing 100036, China
4. Primus Line (China) Ltd., Shanghai 201108, China
5. Anhui Key Laboratory of Bridge and Tunnel Engineering Testing, Hefei 230051, China