Advancing Syphilis Research: Exploring New Frontiers in Immunology and Pharmacological Interventions
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Published:2023-10-22
Issue:4
Volume:2
Page:147-163
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ISSN:2674-0710
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Container-title:Venereology
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Venereology
Author:
Fajemiroye James Oluwagbamigbe12, Moreira Andre Luis Elias3, Ito Célia Regina Malveste4, Costa Elson Alves2, Queiroz Rafaella Misael2, Ihayi Ogbu John2ORCID, Moreira Caroline Vitória2, Costa Rafael Fernandes1, Teixeira Claudia Carneiro1, Bortolini Miguel Júnior Sordi5, Silva Osmar Nascimento1ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Evangélica de Goiás, Goiás 75083-515, Brazil 2. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiás 74001-970, Brazil 3. Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil 4. Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory of Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiás 74605-050, Brazil 5. Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Health and Sports Sciences Center, Universidade Federal do Acre, Acre 69920-900, Brazil
Abstract
In recent years, the global resurgence of syphilis has posed significant challenges to public health. This sexually transmitted infection, caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, can have severe consequences if left untreated, including neurological and cardiovascular complications. Diagnosing syphilis is complex due to its diverse clinical presentations, necessitating a multifaceted approach, including serological, molecular, and direct techniques such as dark-field microscopy. Penicillin remains the primary and effective treatment, but emerging macrolide-resistant strains have spurred investigations into alternative antibiotics. Syphilis vaccine development faces unique hurdles, yet promising strategies are under investigation. Targeted prevention strategies focus on high-risk populations such as men who have sex with men, pregnant women, and individuals with multiple sexual partners. The integration of syphilis services into primary healthcare enhances accessibility, early detection, and treatment. Innovative point-of-care diagnostics offer rapid, sensitive testing, while ongoing vaccine research holds the potential for long-term prevention. Addressing the global burden of syphilis requires a multifaceted approach, encompassing immunological advancements, innovative diagnostics, targeted prevention, and primary healthcare integration. Collaborative efforts between governments, healthcare systems, researchers, and communities are essential to effectively combat syphilis, striving toward a syphilis-free future that promotes better sexual health and overall well-being.
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