Urinary Long Non-Coding RNA Levels as Biomarkers of Lupus Nephritis

Author:

Szeto Cheuk-Chun12ORCID,So Ho1ORCID,Poon Peter Yam-Kau12,Luk Cathy Choi-Wan12,Ng Jack Kit-Chung1ORCID,Fung Winston Wing-Shing1ORCID,Chan Gordon Chun-Kau1ORCID,Chow Kai-Ming1ORCID,Lai Fernand Mac-Moune3,Tam Lai-Shan1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China

2. Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (LiHS), Hong Kong, China

3. Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China

Abstract

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays important roles in the regulation of gene expression. We determine the role of using urinary lncRNA as a non-invasive biomarker for lupus nephritis. Method: We studied three cohorts of lupus nephritis patients (31, 78, and 12 patients, respectively) and controls (6, 7, and 24 subjects, respectively). The urinary sediment levels of specific lncRNA targets were studied using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reactions. Results: The severity of proteinuria inversely correlated with urinary maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) (r = −0.423, p = 0.018) and ANRIL levels (r = −0.483, p = 0.008). Urinary MEG3 level also inversely correlated with the SLEDAI score (r = −0.383, p = 0.034). Urinary cancer susceptibility candidate 2 (CASC2) levels were significantly different between histological classes of nephritis (p = 0.026) and patients with pure class V nephritis probably had the highest levels, while urinary metastasis-associated lung carcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) level significantly correlated with the histological activity index (r = −0.321, p = 0.004). Urinary taurine-upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) level was significantly lower in pure class V lupus nephritis than primary membranous nephropathy (p = 0.003) and minimal change nephropathy (p = 0.04), and urinary TUG1 level correlated with eGFR in class V lupus nephritis (r = 0.706, p = 0.01). Conclusions: We identified certain urinary lncRNA targets that may help the identification of lupus nephritis and predict the histological class of nephritis. Our findings indicate that urinary lncRNA levels may be developed as biomarkers for lupus nephritis.

Funder

Chinese University of Hong Kong

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Inorganic Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Computer Science Applications,Spectroscopy,Molecular Biology,General Medicine,Catalysis

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