Potential Immunoregulatory Mechanism of Plant Saponins: A Review

Author:

Shen Liuhong1ORCID,Luo Hao1,Fan Lei1ORCID,Tian Xinyu1,Tang Anguo1,Wu Xiaofeng1,Dong Ke2,Su Zhetong3

Affiliation:

1. The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China

2. Sichuan Yuqiang Herbal Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 611130, China

3. Guangxi Innovates Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Lipu 546600, China

Abstract

Saponins are extracted from different parts of plants such as seeds, roots, stems, and leaves and have a variety of biological activities including immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory effects, and hypoglycemic properties. They demonstrate inherent low immunogenicity and possess the capacity to effectively regulate both the innate and adaptive immune responses. Plant saponins can promote the growth and development of the body’s immune organs through a variety of signaling pathways, regulate the activity of a variety of immune cells, and increase the secretion of immune-related cytokines and antigen-specific antibodies, thereby exerting the role of immune activity. However, the chemical structure of plant saponins determines its certain hemolytic and cytotoxicity. With the development of science and technology, these disadvantages can be avoided or reduced by certain technical means. In recent years, there has been a significant surge in interest surrounding the investigation of plant saponins as immunomodulators. Consequently, the objective of this review is to thoroughly examine the immunomodulatory properties of plant saponins and elucidate their potential mechanisms, with the intention of offering a valuable point of reference for subsequent research and advancement within this domain.

Funder

Sichuan Department of Science and Technology Support Project

Double Support Project for Discipline Construction of Sichuan Agricultural University

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Chemistry (miscellaneous),Analytical Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Molecular Medicine,Drug Discovery,Pharmaceutical Science

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