Soy Isoflavones Induce Cell Death by Copper-Mediated Mechanism: Understanding Its Anticancer Properties
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Published:2023-03-24
Issue:7
Volume:28
Page:2925
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ISSN:1420-3049
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Container-title:Molecules
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Molecules
Author:
Farhan Mohd1ORCID, El Oirdi Mohamed1ORCID, Aatif Mohammad2ORCID, Nahvi Insha1, Muteeb Ghazala3ORCID, Alam Mir Waqas4ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Department of Basic Sciences, Preparatory Year Deanship, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia 2. Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia 3. Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia 4. Department of Physics, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
Abstract
Cancer incidence varies around the globe, implying a relationship between food and cancer risk. Plant polyphenols are a class of secondary metabolites that have recently attracted attention as possible anticancer agents. The subclass of polyphenols, known as isoflavones, includes genistein and daidzein, which are present in soybeans and are regarded as potent chemopreventive agents. According to epidemiological studies, those who eat soy have a lower risk of developing certain cancers. Several mechanisms for the anticancer effects of isoflavones have been proposed, but none are conclusive. We show that isoflavones suppress prostate cancer cell growth by mobilizing endogenous copper. The copper-specific chelator neocuproine decreases the apoptotic potential of isoflavones, whereas the iron and zinc chelators desferroxamine mesylate and histidine do not, confirming the role of copper. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers reduce isoflavone-induced apoptosis in these cells, implying that ROS are cell death effectors. Our research also clearly shows that isoflavones interfere with the expression of the two copper transporter genes, CTR1 and ATP7A, in cancerous cells. Copper levels are widely known to be significantly raised in all malignancies, and we confirm that isoflavones can target endogenous copper, causing prooxidant signaling and, eventually, cell death. These results highlight the importance of copper dynamics within cancer cells and provide new insight into the potential of isoflavones as cancer-fighting nutraceuticals.
Funder
Deputyship for Research and Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia
Subject
Chemistry (miscellaneous),Analytical Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Molecular Medicine,Drug Discovery,Pharmaceutical Science
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