Acridine as an Anti-Tumour Agent: A Critical Review

Author:

Varakumar PotlapatiORCID,Rajagopal KalirajanORCID,Aparna Baliwada,Raman Kannan,Byran Gowramma,Gonçalves Lima Clara MarianaORCID,Rashid Salma,Nafady Mohammed H.ORCID,Emran Talha BinORCID,Wybraniec SławomirORCID

Abstract

This review summarized the current breakthroughs in the chemistry of acridines as anti-cancer agents, including new structural and biologically active acridine attributes. Acridine derivatives are a class of compounds that are being extensively researched as potential anti-cancer drugs. Acridines are well-known for their high cytotoxic activity; however, their clinical application is restricted or even excluded as a result of side effects. The photocytotoxicity of propyl acridine acts against leukaemia cell lines, with C1748 being a promising anti-tumour drug against UDP-UGT’s. CK0403 is reported in breast cancer treatment and is more potent than CK0402 against estrogen receptor-negative HER2. Acridine platinum (Pt) complexes have shown specificity on the evaluated DNA sequences; 9-anilinoacridine core, which intercalates DNA, and a methyl triazene DNA-methylating moiety were also studied. Acridine thiourea gold and acridinone derivatives act against cell lines such as MDA-MB-231, SK-BR-3, and MCF-7. Benzimidazole acridine compounds demonstrated cytotoxic activity against Dual Topo and PARP-1. Quinacrine, thiazacridine, and azacridine are reported as anti-cancer agents, which have been reported in the previous decade and were addressed in this review article.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Chemistry (miscellaneous),Analytical Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Molecular Medicine,Drug Discovery,Pharmaceutical Science

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