Residue of Chlormequat and Regulatory Effects on the Specialized Metabolites of Astragali Radix
-
Published:2023-09-22
Issue:19
Volume:28
Page:6754
-
ISSN:1420-3049
-
Container-title:Molecules
-
language:en
-
Short-container-title:Molecules
Author:
Qin Honghan1, Xie Lei2, Zang Yimei23, Han Jia3, Yu Jing4, Luo Zuliang2ORCID, Ma Xiaojun2ORCID
Affiliation:
1. College of Pharmacy, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China 2. Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China 3. Biomedicine College, Beijing City University, Beijing 100094, China 4. Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan Branch Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Jinghong 666100, China
Abstract
Presently, the utilization of chlormequat in Astragalus mongholicus Bunge (Leguminosae) cultivation is prevalent for augmenting rhizome (Astragali Radix) yield. However, indiscriminate and excessive chlormequat employment can detrimentally influence Astragali Radix quality and safety. This research aimed to comprehensively comprehend chlormequat risks and its influence on Astragali Radix metabolites. Diverse chlormequat concentrations were employed in Astragalus mongholicus cultivation, with subsequent analysis of residual chlormequat levels in Astragali Radix across treatment groups. Astragali Radix metabolic profiling was conducted through UPLC-QTOF-MS, and thirteen principal active components were quantified via UFLC-MS/MS. Findings revealed a direct correlation between chlormequat residue levels in Astragali Radix and application concentration, with high-dose residue surpassing 5.0 mg/kg. Metabolomics analysis identified twenty-six distinct saponin and flavonoid metabolites. Notably, the application of chlormequat led to the upregulation of seven saponins (e.g., astragaloside I and II) and downregulation of six flavonoids (e.g., methylnissolin-3-O-glucoside and astraisoflavan-7-O-β-d-glucoside). Quantitative analysis demonstrated variable contents of active ingredients due to differing chlormequat concentrations, leading to astragaloside I increase (14.59–62.55%) and isoastragaloside II increase (4.8–55.63%), while methylnissolin-3-O-glucoside decreased (22.18–41.69%), as did astraisoflavan-7-O-β-d-glucoside (21.09–47.78%). In conclusion, chlormequat application influenced multiple active components in Astragali Radix, causing constituent proportion variations. Elevated chlormequat concentrations led to increased active components alongside heightened chlormequat residues in Astragali Radix. Consequently, prudent chlormequat application during Astragali Radix production is imperative to avert potential detriments to its quality and safety.
Funder
CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences the National Natural Science Foundation of China
Subject
Chemistry (miscellaneous),Analytical Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Molecular Medicine,Drug Discovery,Pharmaceutical Science
Reference44 articles.
1. Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission (2020). Pharmacopoeia of People’s Republic of China, Chemical Medical Science Press. 2. Astragali Radix (Huangqi): A promising edible immunomodulatory herbal medicine;Chen;J. Ethnopharmacol.,2020 3. Astragalus, an ancient medicinal root in traditional Chinese medicine, a gift from silk road;Shahrajabian;Int. J. Agric. Biol. Sci.,2019 4. Gong, A.G., Duan, R., Wang, H.Y., Kong, X.P., Dong, T.T., Tsim, K.W., and Chan, K. (2018). Evaluation of the pharmaceutical properties and value of Astragali Radix. Medicines, 5. 5. A review of Astragalus species as foodstuffs, dietary supplements, a traditional Chinese medicine and a part of modern pharmaceutical science;Shahrajabian;Appl. Ecol. Environ. Res.,2019
|
|