Intracellular Organization of Proteins and Nucleic Acids via Biomolecular Condensates in Human Health and Diseases

Author:

Gallo Raffaella1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Græcia”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy

Abstract

Eukaryotic cells are intracellularly divided into several compartments that provide spatiotemporal control over biochemical reactions. Phase separation of proteins and RNA is emerging as an important mechanism underlying the formation of intracellular compartments that are not delimited by membranes. These structures are also known as biomolecular condensates and have been shown to serve a myriad of cellular functions, such as organization of cytoplasm and nucleoplasm, stress response, signal transduction, gene regulation, and immune response. Here, the author will summarize our current understanding of intracellular phase separation, its biological functions, and how this phenomenon is regulated in eukaryotic cells. Additionally, the author will review recent evidence of the role of biomolecular condensates in the development of pathophysiological conditions, with special emphasis on cancer and immune signaling.

Funder

POR Calabria

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Materials Science (miscellaneous)

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