Hospitalisation Is Prognostic of Survival in Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension

Abstract

This analysis investigated the prognostic value of hospitalisation in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) using data from the Czech Republic, wherein pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) was the only targeted treatment option until 2015. Using a landmark method, this analysis quantified the association between a first CTEPH-related hospitalisation event occurring before 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month landmark timepoints and subsequent all-cause mortality in adult CTEPH patients diagnosed between 2003 and 2016 in the Czech Republic. Patients were stratified into operable and inoperable, according to PEA eligibility. CTEPH-related hospitalisations were defined as non-elective. Hospitalisations related to CTEPH diagnosis, PEA, balloon pulmonary angioplasty, or clinical trial participation were excluded. Of 436 patients who survived to ≥3 months post diagnosis, 309 were operable, and 127 were inoperable. Sex- and age-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) showed CTEPH-related hospitalisation was a statistically significant prognostic indicator of mortality at 3, 9, and 12 months in inoperable patients, with an approximately 2-fold increased risk of death in the hospitalisation group (HRs [95% CI] ranging from 1.98 [1.06–3.70] to 2.17 [1.01–4.63]). There was also a trend of worse survival probabilities in the hospitalisation groups for operable patients, with the difference most pronounced at 3 months, with a 76% increased risk of death (adjusted HR [95% CI] 1.76 [1.15–2.68]). This first analysis on the prognostic value of CTEPH-related hospitalisations demonstrates that a first CTEPH-related hospitalisation is prognostic of mortality in CTEPH, particularly for inoperable patients. These patients may benefit from medical and/or interventional therapy.