A New Score Unveils a High Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Author:

Giménez-Garzó Carla,Fiorillo Alessandra,Ballester-Ferré María-PilarORCID,Gallego Juan-JoséORCID,Casanova-Ferrer Franc,Urios Amparo,Benlloch Salvador,Martí-Aguado DavidORCID,San-Miguel TeresaORCID,Tosca JoanORCID,Ríos María-Pilar,Montón Cristina,Durbán Lucía,Escudero-García Desamparados,Aparicio Luis,Felipo VicenteORCID,Montoliu CarminaORCID

Abstract

Patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may show mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The neurological functions affected remain unclear. The aims were to: (1) Characterize the neuropsychological alterations in NAFLD patients; (2) assess the prevalence of impairment of neurological functions evaluated; (3) develop a new score for sensitive and rapid MCI detection in NAFLD; (4) assess differences in MCI features between patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH); and (5) compare neuropsychological alterations in NAFLD patients with cirrhotic patients with MCI. Fifty-nine NAFLD patients and 53 controls performed psychometric tests assessing different neurological functions: PHES (Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score) battery, d2, Stroop, Oral SDMT (Symbol Digit Modalities Test), Digit Span, number-letter test, and bimanual and visual-motor coordination tests. NAFLD patients show impairment in attention, mental concentration, psychomotor speed, cognitive flexibility, inhibitory mental control, and working memory. We developed a new, rapid, and sensitive score based on the most affected parameters in NAFLD patients, unveiling that 32% of NAFLD show MCI. Prevalence was similar in NAFL (36%) or NASH (27%) patients, but lower in NAFLD than in cirrhosis (65%). MCI prevalence is significant in NAFLD patients. Psychometric testing is warranted in these patients to unveil MCI and take appropriate measures to reverse and prevent its progression.

Funder

Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Spain

Fundación Ramón Areces

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Medicine

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