Coronary Vascular (DYS) Function and Invasive Physiology Assessment: Insights into Bolus and Continuous Thermodilution Methods

Author:

Maurina Matteo123ORCID,Benedetti Alice4ORCID,Stefanini Giulio12ORCID,Condorelli Gianluigi12,Collet Carlos5,Zivelonghi Carlo4,Smits Pieter C.3,Paradies Valeria36

Affiliation:

1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, MI, Italy

2. Cardio Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, MI, Italy

3. Department of Cardiology, Maasstad Hospital, 3079 DZ Rotterdam, The Netherlands

4. HartCentrum, Antwerpen Hospital Network (ZNA) Middelheim, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium

5. Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Clinic, 9300 Aalst, Belgium

6. Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Thoraxcenter, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Abstract

A considerable number of patients with angina or myocardial ischemia have no significant coronary artery disease on invasive angiography. In recent years, several steps towards a better comprehension of the pathophysiology of these conditions, angina or ischemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries (ANOCA/INOCA), have been made. Nevertheless, several gaps in knowledge still remain. This review is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of ANOCA and INOCA, with a particular focus on pathophysiology, recent diagnostic innovations, gaps in knowledge and treatment modalities.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Medicine

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