Study of Ecological Relationship of Yeast Species with Candida albicans in the Context of Vulvovaginal Infections

Author:

Caetano Cátia Filipa12,Gaspar Carlos123ORCID,Oliveira Ana Sofia12ORCID,Palmeira-de-Oliveira Rita123ORCID,Rodrigues Lisa45ORCID,Gonçalves Teresa45ORCID,Martinez-de-Oliveira José1,Palmeira-de-Oliveira Ana123,Rolo Joana12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal

2. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal

3. Labfit-HPRD: Health Products Research and Development Lda, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal

4. CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal

5. FMUC—Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal

Abstract

The role of the fungal community, the mycobiota, in the health of the vagina is currently an important area of research. The emergence of new sequencing technologies and advances in bioinformatics made possible the discovery of novel fungi inhabiting this niche. Candida spp. constitutes the most important group of opportunistic pathogenic fungi, being the most prevalent fungal species in vulvovaginal infections. However, fungi such as Rhodotorula spp., Naganishia spp. and Malassezia spp. have emerged as potential pathogens in this niche, and therefore it is clinically relevant to understand their ecological interaction with Candida spp. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of yeasts on Candida albicans’ pathogenicity, focusing on in-vitro growth, and biofilm formation at different times of co-culture and germ tube formation. The assays were performed with isolated species or with co-cultures of C. albicans (ATCC10231) with one other yeast species: Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (DSM13621), Malassezia furfur (DSM6170) or Naganishia albida (DSM70215). The results showed that M. furfur creates a symbiotic relationship with C. albicans, enhancing the growth rate of the co-culture (149.69%), and of germ tube formation of C. albicans (119.8%) and inducing a higher amount of biofilm biomass of the co-culture, both when mixed (154.1%) and preformed (166.8%). As for the yeasts R. mucilaginosa and N. albida, the relationship is antagonistic (with a significant decrease in all assays), thus possibly repressing the mixture’s pathogenicity. These results shed light on the complex interactions between yeasts in the vaginal mycobiome.

Funder

Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)/MCTES

FCT, Portugal

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Virology,Microbiology (medical),Microbiology

Reference49 articles.

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