Epidemiology and Genetic Diversity of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis Delta Virus Infection in Indigenous Communities in Colombia

Author:

Montoya-Guzman Melissa1ORCID,Martinez Jaime2,Castro-Arroyave Diana3ORCID,Rojas Carlos2,Navas Maria-Cristina1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Grupo Gastrohepatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia

2. Grupo Epidemiología, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia

3. Grupo de Estudio en Pedagogía, Infancia y Desarrollo Humano (GEPIDH), Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia

Abstract

Despite the universal vaccination program, there are still regions and territories with a high prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus infection (HBV), such as the Amazon basin, where several indigenous communities live. Additionally, Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) is a defective that requires the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) for the assembly and release of de novo viral particles. Therefore, hepatitis D could be the result of HBV/HDV coinfection or HDV superinfection in individuals with chronic hepatitis B. Among the high prevalence HDV populations are indigenous communities of America. This study aims to describe and characterize the frequency of HBV and HDV infection, viral genotypes and HBV immune escape mutants in indigenous populations from different regions of Colombia. The diagnosis of hepatitis B and hepatitis D was confirmed by serological markers. Moreover, the HBV and HDV genome were amplified by PCR and RT-PCR, respectively, and, subsequently, the phylogenetic analysis was performed. We characterized 47 cases of chronic hepatitis B, 1 case of reactivation and 2 cases of occult hepatitis B infection (OBI). Furthermore, a high prevalence of HDV infection was identified in the study population (29.33%, 22/75) and the circulation of several HBV genotypes and subgenotypes (F1b, F3, F4, and D). Interestingly, this is the first report of the HDV genotype I circulation in this country. These findings demonstrated that HBV and HDV infections are still public health problems in indigenous communities in Colombia.

Funder

Minciencias

Universidad de Antioquia

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Virology,Microbiology (medical),Microbiology

Reference58 articles.

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