Scoping Review on Barriers and Challenges to Pediatric Immunization Uptake among Migrants: Health Inequalities in Italy, 2003 to Mid-2023

Author:

Sana Samina1,Fabbro Elisa23,Zovi Andrea4ORCID,Vitiello Antonio5ORCID,Ola-Ajayi Toluwani1,Zahoui Ziad1,Salami Bukola16ORCID,Sabbatucci Michela7ORCID

Affiliation:

1. School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Ave NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada

2. Internationalization Staff Unit, Institutional Services Area, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa, 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy

3. Area Science Park, Padriciano, 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy

4. Directorate General for Hygiene, Food Safety and Nutrition, Ministry of Health, Viale Giorgio Ribotta 5, 00144 Rome, Italy

5. Directorate General for Health Prevention, Ministry of Health, Viale Giorgio Ribotta 5, 00144 Rome, Italy

6. Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive, Calgary, AB T6G 1C9, Canada

7. Department Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, 00160 Rome, Italy

Abstract

In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, asylum seekers, refugees, and foreign-born migrants are more likely to suffer from physical, mental, and socioeconomic consequences owing to their existing vulnerabilities and worsening conditions in refugee camps around the world. In this scenario, the education of migrants and newcomers about immunization is critical to achieving health equity worldwide. Globally, it is unclear whether government vaccination policies are prioritizing the health information needs of migrants. We searched for studies investigating the vaccination uptake of migrant children settled in Italy that were published between January 2003 and 25 June 2023. Following Arksey and O’Malley’s five-stage method for scoping reviews, all potentially relevant literature published in English was retrieved from SciSearch, Medline, and Embase. This search resulted in 88 research articles, 25 of which met our inclusion criteria. Our findings indicate unequal access to vaccination due to a lack of available information in the native language of the immigrants’ country of origin, vaccine safety concerns or lack of awareness, logistical difficulties, and fear of legal consequences. The findings strongly encourage further government and political discourse to ensure migrants have fair, equitable, ethical, and timely access to essential medicines.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Pharmacology (medical),Infectious Diseases,Drug Discovery,Pharmacology,Immunology

Reference37 articles.

1. WHO (2023, August 06). Ensuring the Integration of Refugees and Migrants in Immunization Policies, Planning and Service Delivery Globally [Internet], Available online: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK583126/.

2. WHO (2023, June 25). Meeting of the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization, March 2023: Conclusions and Recommendations, Available online: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/who-wer9822-239-256.

3. UNICEF (2023, June 25). Ending Preventable Child Deaths: How Britain Can Lead the Way, Available online: https://www.unicef.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Unicef-UK-Ending-Preventable-Child-Deaths_Report-2020.pdf.

4. Barriers to immunization among children of migrant workers from Myanmar living in Tak province, Thailand;Canavati;Bull. World Health Organ.,2011

5. Evidence-based clinical guidelines for immigrants and refugees;Pottie;CMAJ,2011

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