Recognizing the Differentiation Degree of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning-Based Approaches

Author:

Lien Chung-Yueh,Chen Tseng-Tse,Tsai En-Tung,Hsiao Yu-JerORCID,Lee Ni,Gao Chong-En,Yang Yi-Ping,Chen Shih-Jen,Yarmishyn Aliaksandr A.ORCID,Hwang De-KuangORCID,Chou Shih-Jie,Chu Woei-Chyn,Chiou Shih-Hwa,Chien YuehORCID

Abstract

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be differentiated into mesenchymal stem cells (iPSC-MSCs), retinal ganglion cells (iPSC-RGCs), and retinal pigmental epithelium cells (iPSC-RPEs) to meet the demand of regeneration medicine. Since the production of iPSCs and iPSC-derived cell lineages generally requires massive and time-consuming laboratory work, artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted approach that can facilitate the cell classification and recognize the cell differentiation degree is of critical demand. In this study, we propose the multi-slice tensor model, a modified convolutional neural network (CNN) designed to classify iPSC-derived cells and evaluate the differentiation efficiency of iPSC-RPEs. We removed the fully connected layers and projected the features using principle component analysis (PCA), and subsequently classified iPSC-RPEs according to various differentiation degree. With the assistance of the support vector machine (SVM), this model further showed capabilities to classify iPSCs, iPSC-MSCs, iPSC-RPEs, and iPSC-RGCs with an accuracy of 97.8%. In addition, the proposed model accurately recognized the differentiation of iPSC-RPEs and showed the potential to identify the candidate cells with ideal features and simultaneously exclude cells with immature/abnormal phenotypes. This rapid screening/classification system may facilitate the translation of iPSC-based technologies into clinical uses, such as cell transplantation therapy.

Funder

Ministry of Science and Technology

National Science and Technology Council

Taipei Veterans General Hospital

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Medicine

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