Epidemiology Update of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in Uruguay: Subtyping, Environmental Surveillance and Zoonotic Transmission

Author:

Cancela Florencia12ORCID,Icasuriaga Romina1,Cuevas Santiago2ORCID,Hergatacorzian Valentina2,Olivera Mauricio2,Panzera Yanina3,Pérez Ruben3ORCID,López Julieta4,Borzacconi Liliana5ORCID,González Elizabeth4ORCID,Montaldo Natalia2,Gaitán Melissa6,López-Verges Sandra67ORCID,Bortagaray Viviana8,Victoria Matías8,Colina Rodney8,Arbiza Juan2,Berois Mabel2,Mirazo Santiago1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Departamento de Bacteriología y Virología, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay

2. Sección Virología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay

3. Sección Genética Evolutiva, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay

4. Departamento de Ingeniería Ambiental, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay

5. Instituto de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay

6. Departamento de Virología y Biotecnología, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panamá 0801, Panama

7. Sistema Nacional de Investigación, Senacyt, Panamá 0801, Panama

8. Laboratorio de Virología molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, CENUR Litoral Norte, Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Salto 50000, Uruguay

Abstract

Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) infection is an emergent zoonotic disease of increasing concern in developed regions. HEV genotype 3 (HEV-3) is mainly transmitted through consumption of contaminated food in high-income countries and is classified into at least 13 subtypes (3a–3n), based on p-distance values from complete genomes. In Latin America, HEV epidemiology studies are very scant. Our group has previously detected HEV3 in clinical cases, swine, wild boars, captive white-collared peccaries, and spotted deer from Uruguay. Herein, we aimed to provide novel insights and an updated overview of the molecular epidemiology of zoonotic HEV in Uruguay, including data from wastewater-based surveillance studies. A thorough analysis of HEV whole genomes and partial ORF2 sequences from Uruguayan human and domestic pig strains showed that they formed a separate monophyletic cluster with high nucleotide identity and exhibited p-distance values over the established cut-off (0.093) compared with reference subtypes’ sequences. Furthermore, we found an overall prevalence of 10.87% (10/92) in wastewater, where two samples revealed a close relationship with humans, and animal reservoirs/hosts isolates from Uruguay. In conclusion, a single, new HEV-3 subtype currently circulates in different epidemiological settings in Uruguay, and we propose its designation as 3o along with its reference sequence.

Funder

Comisión Sectorial de Investigación Científica

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Virology,Infectious Diseases

Reference48 articles.

1. (2022, January 10). World Health Organization. Available online: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241565455.

2. The different replication between nonenveloped and quasi-enveloped hepatitis E virus;Ji;J. Med. Virol.,2021

3. Hepatitis E virus: The current scenario;Kumar;Int. J. Infect. Dis.,2013

4. Nan, Y., and Zhang, Y.-J. (2016). Molecular Biology and Infection of Hepatitis E Virus. Front. Microbiol., 7.

5. ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Hepeviridae 2022;Purdy;J. Gen. Virol.,2022

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