Influence of Northern Wild Rice on Gut Dysbiosis and Short Chain Fatty Acids: Correlation with Metabolic and Inflammatory Markers in Mice on High Fat Diet

Abstract

Wild rice (WLD) attenuated hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and chronic inflammation in mice receiving a high-fat diet (HFD) versus white rice (WHR), but the underlying mechanism is not well understood. We examined the influence of HFD + WLD on gut microbiota, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and the correlation with metabolic or inflammatory markers in mice versus HFD + WHR. C57BL/6J mice received HFD + 26 g weight (wt) % WHR or WLD or 13 g wt% WHR + 13 g wt% WLD (WTWD) for 12 weeks. Plasma levels of glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides, insulin resistance and inflammatory markers after overnight fasting were lower, and the abundances of fecal Lactobacillus gasseri and propionic acid were higher in HFD + WLD-fed mice than in HFD + WHR-fed mice. The anti-inflammatory effects of HFD + WTWD were weaker than HFD + WLD but were greater than those in HFD + WHR-fed mice. Abundances of fecal Lactobacillus gasseri and propionic acid in mice receiving HFD + WLD were higher than those in mice fed with HFD + WHR. The abundances of fecal L. gasseri and propionic acid negatively correlated with metabolic and inflammatory markers. The findings of the present study suggest that WLD attenuated metabolic and inflammatory disorders in mice on HFD. Interactions between WLD components and gut microbiota may upregulate fecal SCFAs, and the latter may be attributed to the benefits of WLD on metabolism and inflammation in mice on HFD.