First Report of Vibrio vulnificus Outbreak in Farm-Raised Sorubim (Pseudoplatystoma sp.) from Brazil
Author:
Janampa-Sarmiento Peter C.1ORCID, Reis Francisco Y. T.1ORCID, Egger Renata C.1ORCID, de Pádua Santiago B.2, Marcelino Sóstenes A. C.3, Cunha João L. R.4, Pierezan Felipe3, Figueiredo Henrique C. P.1ORCID, Tavares Guilherme C.1ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil 2. Aquivet Saúde Aquática, Santa Fé do Sul 15085-310, SP, Brazil 3. Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil 4. Department of Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic pathogen in humans and exhibits pathogenic behavior in several aquaculture fish species. To date, in Brazil, there are no reports of V. vulnificus outbreaks in farmed fish. However, in 2019, sorubim (Pseudoplatystoma sp.) in the grow-out phase with clinical signs and cumulative mortality of 40% was registered. We aimed to identify and characterize the etiological agents of this outbreak. Seven moribund fish were sampled for bacteriological studies, and isolates were obtained from the brain and kidneys. Bacterial identification using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) revealed V. vulnificus. One isolate, RP4, was used for identification via dnaJ and 16S rRNA gene sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility evaluation. Sorubim juveniles were experimentally challenged with RP4 isolate via intracelomic injection (IC, 107 colony-forming units [CFU] fish−1) and immersion bath (IB, 106 CFU mL−1 for 30 min). Identities to V. vulnificus of dnaJ and 16S rRNA genes by BLAST analysis were higher than 92% and 98%, respectively. Susceptibility to oxytetracycline, florfenicol, and other antimicrobial molecules was also observed. In the IC-challenged group, the mortality rate was 100% with V. vulnificus recovered from fish organs (brain, liver, spleen, and kidney). Additionally, splenic endothelium alterations were observed in the IC group. On the contrary, the control and IB groups did not develop any clinical signs, mortality, or bacterial recovery after 7 days of challenge. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of pathogenic V. vulnificus in farmed Pseudoplatystoma sp.
Funder
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico—Brasil
Subject
Ecology,Aquatic Science,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
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