Hepatitis B Blood Donor Screening Data: An Under-Recognized Resource for Canadian Public Health Surveillance

Author:

O’Brien Sheila F.12ORCID,Reedman Cassandra N.13ORCID,Osiowy Carla456,Bolotin Shelly78910,Yi Qi-Long12,Lourenço Lillian3,Lewin Antoine1112,Binka Mawuena1314,Caffrey Niamh1ORCID,Drews Steven J.1516ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Epidemiology and Surveillance, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, ON K1G 4J5, Canada

2. School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada

3. Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada

4. National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P6, Canada

5. Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada

6. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada

7. Center for Vaccine Preventable Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S, Canada

8. Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S, Canada

9. Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S, Canada

10. Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON M5G 1V2, Canada

11. Héma-Québec, Montreal, QC H4R 2W7, Canada

12. Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada

13. BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4, Canada

14. School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada

15. Medical Microbiology Department, Canadian Blood Services, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada

16. Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Division of Diagnostic and Applied Microbiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada

Abstract

Hepatitis B surveillance is essential to achieving Canada’s goal of eliminating hepatitis B by 2030. Hepatitis B rates, association of infection with vaccine age-eligibility, and risk factors were analyzed among 1,401,603 first-time Canadian blood donors from 2005 to 2020. Donors were classified as having likely chronic or likely resolved/occult infections based on hepatitis B surface antigen, anti-hepatitis B core antigen, and hepatitis B nucleic acid test results. Likely chronically infected and control donors (ratio 1:4) participated in risk-factor interviews. The 2019 rate of likely chronic infection was 61.9 per 100,000 (95% CI 46.5–80.86) and 1449.5 per 100,000 for likely resolved/occult infections (95% CI 1370.7–1531.7). Likely chronic infections were higher in males (OR 3.2; 95% CI 2.7–3.7) and the vaccine-ineligible birth cohort (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.6–2.2). The main risk factors were living with someone who had hepatitis (OR 12.5; 95% CI 5.2–30.0) and ethnic origin from a high-prevalence country (OR 8.4; 95% CI 5.9–11.9). Undiagnosed chronic hepatitis B may be more prevalent in Canada than currently determined by traditional passive hepatitis B reporting. Blood donor data can be useful in informing hepatitis B rates and evaluating vaccination programs in Canada.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Virology,Infectious Diseases

Reference49 articles.

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