Intranasal Drug Administration in Alzheimer-Type Dementia: Towards Clinical Applications

Author:

Taléns-Visconti Raquel1ORCID,de Julián-Ortiz Jesus Vicente2ORCID,Vila-Busó Ofelia3,Diez-Sales Octavio14,Nácher Amparo14ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Valencia, Spain

2. Molecular Topology and Drug Design Research Unit, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Valencia, Spain

3. Colloids Research Unit, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Valencia, Spain

4. Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain

Abstract

Alzheimer-type dementia (ATD) treatments face limitations in crossing the blood–brain barrier and systemic adverse effects. Intranasal administration offers a direct route to the brain via the nasal cavity’s olfactory and trigeminal pathways. However, nasal physiology can hinder drug absorption and limit bioavailability. Therefore, the physicochemical characteristics of formulations must be optimized by means of technological strategies. Among the strategies that have been explored, lipid-based nanosystems, particularly nanostructured lipid carriers, are promising in preclinical investigations with minimal toxicity and therapeutic efficacy due to their ability to overcome challenges associated with other nanocarriers. We review the studies of nanostructured lipid carriers for intranasal administration in the treatment of ATD. Currently, no drugs for intranasal administration in ATD have marketing approval, with only three candidates, insulin, rivastigmine and APH-1105, being clinically investigated. Further studies with different candidates will eventually confirm the potential of the intranasal route of administration in the treatment of ATD.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Pharmaceutical Science

Reference96 articles.

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3. (2023, January 08). Available online: https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/what-is-alzheimers.

4. Breijyeh, Z., and Karaman, R. (2020). Comprehensive Review on Alzheimer’s Disease: Causes and Treatment. Molecules, 25.

5. Prince, M.J., Wimo, A., Guerchet, M.M., Ali, G.C., Wu, Y.-T., and Prina, M. (2015). World Alzheimer Report 2015. The Global Impact of Dementia: An Analysis of Prevalence, Incidence, Cost and Trends, Alzehimer Disease International. Available online: http://www.alz.co.uk/research/world-report-2015.

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