Development of an Innovative Biosensor Based on Graphene/PEDOT/Tyrosinase for the Detection of Phenolic Compounds in River Waters

Author:

Bounegru Alexandra Virginia1ORCID,Iticescu Catalina1ORCID,Georgescu Lucian P.1,Apetrei Constantin1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Environment, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galati, 47 Domneasca Street, 800008 Galați, Romania

Abstract

Phenolic compounds, originating from industrial, agricultural, and urban sources, can leach into flowing waters, adversely affecting aquatic life, biodiversity, and compromising the quality of drinking water, posing potential health hazards to humans. Thus, monitoring and mitigating the presence of phenolic compounds in flowing waters are essential for preserving ecosystem integrity and safeguarding public health. This study explores the development and performance of an innovative sensor based on screen-printed electrode (SPE) modified with graphene (GPH), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), and tyrosinase (Ty), designed for water analysis, focusing on the manufacturing process and the obtained electroanalytical results. The proposed biosensor (SPE/GPH/PEDOT/Ty) was designed to achieve a high level of precision and sensitivity, as well as to allow efficient analytical recoveries. Special attention was given to the manufacturing process and optimization of the modifying elements’ composition. This study highlights the potential of the biosensor as an efficient and reliable solution for water analysis. Modification with graphene, the synthesis and electropolymerization deposition of the PEDOT polymer, and tyrosinase immobilization contributed to obtaining a high-performance and robust biosensor, presenting promising perspectives in monitoring the quality of the aquatic environment. Regarding the electroanalytical experimental results, the detection limits (LODs) obtained with this biosensor are extremely low for all phenolic compounds (8.63 × 10−10 M for catechol, 7.72 × 10−10 M for 3-methoxycatechol, and 9.56 × 10−10 M for 4-methylcatechol), emphasizing its ability to accurately measure even subtle variations in the trace compound parameters. The enhanced sensitivity of the biosensor facilitates detection and quantification in river water samples. Analytical recovery is also an essential aspect, and the biosensor presents consistent and reproducible results. This feature significantly improves the reliability and usefulness of the biosensor in practical applications, making it suitable for monitoring industrial or river water.

Funder

the project An Integrated System for the Complex Environmental Research and Monitoring in the Danube River Area, REXDAN

European Regional Development Fund

Publisher

MDPI AG

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