Abstract
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are natural secondary metabolites that are mainly produced in plants, bacteria, and fungi as a part of an organism’s defense machinery. These compounds constitute the largest class of alkaloids and are produced in nearly 3% of flowering plants, most of which belong to the Asteraceae and Boraginaceae families. Chemically, pyrrolizidine alkaloids are esters of the amino alcohol necine (which consists of two fused five-membered rings including a nitrogen atom) and one or more units of necic acids. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are toxic to humans and mammals; thus, the ability to detect these alkaloids in food and nutrients is a matter of food security. The latest advances in the extraction and analysis of this class of alkaloids are summarized in this review, with special emphasis on chromatographic-based analysis and determinations in food.
Funder
Deputyship for Research and Innovation, the Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia
Subject
Plant Science,Health Professions (miscellaneous),Health (social science),Microbiology,Food Science
Reference107 articles.
1. Naturally occurring bioactive cyclobutane-containing (CBC) alkaloids in fungi, fungal endophytes, and plants;Dembitsky;Phytomedicine,2014
2. Alkaloids from marine bacteria;Zotchev;Adv. Bot. Res.,2013
3. Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids;Tamariz;Alkaloids Chem. Biol.,2018
4. Plant sources of hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids;Smith;J. Nat. Prod.,1981
5. Kaltner, F., Rychlik, M., Gareis, M., and Gottschalk, C. (2020). Occurrence and risk assessment of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in spices and culinary herbs from various geographical origins. Toxins, 12.
Cited by
7 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献
1. Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Foods, Herbal Drugs, and Food Supplements: Chemistry, Metabolism, Toxicological Significance, Analytical Methods, Occurrence, and Challenges for Future;Toxins;2024-02-02
2. Development and validation of an analytical method for the simultaneous determination of 12 ergot, 2 tropane, and 28 pyrrolizidine alkaloids in cereal-based food by LC-MS/MS;Food Research International;2023-12
3. Assessment of Toxic Pyrrolizidine and Tropane Alkaloids in Herbal Teas and Culinary Herbs Using LC-Q-ToF/MS;Foods;2023-09-26
4. Distribution, determination method, risk assessment, and strategy of exogenous pyrrolizidine alkaloids in tea;Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine;2023-09
5. QuEChERS method combined to liquid chromatography high‐resolution mass spectrometry for the accurate and sensitive simultaneous determination of pyrrolizidine and tropane alkaloids in cereals and spices;Journal of Mass Spectrometry;2023-08-21