Development of Indications for Endoscopic Spine Surgery: An Overview

Abstract

Endoscopic spine surgery (ESS) began more than 20 years ago as percutaneous endoscopic discectomy and has evolved to the present day. This technique offers many advantages, including a short hospital stay, minimal trauma and blood loss, the option of local or epidural anesthesia with sedation, a low rate of nosocomial infections, early recovery, and a quick return to work and daily activities. The success rate of this technique ranges from 83% to 90% in operated patients. This article aims to provide an overview of indications, versatility of the technique, advantages, contraindications and limitations, and also a reflection on the possible contraindications and limitations of the technique.