Direct Temperature Measurements of Cardiac Stent during MRI Examinations
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Published:2023-10-18
Issue:20
Volume:13
Page:11414
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ISSN:2076-3417
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Container-title:Applied Sciences
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Applied Sciences
Author:
Acri Giuseppe1ORCID, Campanella Francesco2, Vermiglio Giuseppe3, Anfuso Carmelo4, Testagrossa Barbara1ORCID, Cavallaro Daniela4, Urzì Domenica4, Sanzo Antonio5, D’Avanzo Maria Antonietta2, Hartwig Valentina6ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e Delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali, Università Degli Studi di Messina, c/o A.O.U. Policlinico “G. Martino” Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy 2. INAIL, Sezione di Supporto Tecnico al SSN in Materia di Radiazioni dell’INAIL, 00144 Rome, Italy 3. Medical Physicist (Freelance), 98122 Messina, Italy 4. IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, 98124 Messina, Italy 5. Fondazione IRCCS San Matteo, Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology Unit, 27100 Pavia, Italy 6. CNR, Institute of Clinical Physiology, 56124 Pisa, Italy
Abstract
Nowadays, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is considered the gold standard for imaging the brain, spinal cord, musculoskeletal system, head and neck, and complex congenital heart malformations; consequentially, the number of MRI scans in patients with implantable electronic devices has simultaneously increased. During the entire length of the MRI exam, patients are exposed to electromagnetic fields with different characteristics (static, low frequency, radiofrequency fields), which are related to different risks. The scarce available literature about MRI-induced heating on cardiac stents suggests that excessive temperature rise occurs only in unfavorable cases. Ideally, RF safety assessment could be performed during the anamnestic process, but this simulation process’s results are too slow to be performed before patient MRI examination. In this context, we developed a dedicated measurement set-up by focusing our target on the measurement of the heating of a cardiac stent during an MRI examination. Results for the temperature rise trend along the entire stent length during a clinical MRI protocol are shown together with the local Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) values and cumulative equivalent minutes at 43 °C (CEM43°C), in order to ensure the safety of patients with MR-conditional devices, also with a view to not inappropriately preclude their access to MRI scans. The obtained results show that the maximum temperature rise (4.12 °C) is within the limit of 5 °C stated in the stent manual for 15 min of continued scanning with the specific conditions. The maximum temperature rise was in correspondence with the stent tips and calculated SAR confirms the fact that two hotspots are present near the tips of the stent. Finally, the calculated CEM43°C remained well below the proposed threshold for muscle tissue.
Subject
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes,Computer Science Applications,Process Chemistry and Technology,General Engineering,Instrumentation,General Materials Science
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