Role of an Exclusion Diet (Reduced Disaccharides, Saturated Fats, Emulsifiers, Red and Ultraprocessed Meats) in Maintaining the Remission of Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Diseases in Adults
Author:
Nitescu Maria12, Istratescu Doina3, Preda Carmen Monica13, Manuc Teodora Ecaterina13, Louis Edouard4, Manuc Mircea13, Stroie Tudor13, Catrinoiu Mihai1, Tieranu Cristian George5ORCID, Badea Larisa Emanuela3, Tugui Letitia3, Andrei Adriana3, Diculescu Mihai Mircea13
Affiliation:
1. University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 050474 Bucharest, Romania 2. National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Prof. Dr. Matei Bals”, 021105 Bucharest, Romania 3. Department of Gastroenterology, Clinic Fundeni Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania 4. Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital CHU Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium 5. Gastroenterology & Hepatology Department, Elias Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Inflammatory bowel diseases are a main focus in current research, with diet being an emerging therapeutic line due to its links in both onset and progression. A Western-style diet high in processed foods, food additives, red meat, and animal fat has been linked to a higher risk of developing IBD. The aim of this study was to establish an association between an anti-inflammatory exclusion diet and maintenance of remission in IBD. Also, we assessed the efficacy and safety of this diet compared to a non-dietary group and the possible therapeutic effect of this diet in the maintenance of IBD remission. Materials and Methods: A total of 160 patients with IBD were screened for inclusion, but 21 did not met the inclusion criteria. Thus, 139 patients were assigned to either an exclusion diet or a regular diet according to their choice. Results: Clinical remission after six months was maintained in the exclusion diet arm (100%). In the control arm, four patients had clinically active disease (one patient with UC and three with CD), and 90 patients maintained the clinical remission state (95.7%) (p-value = 0.157). Regarding biochemical markers, ESR at baseline was higher in the exclusion diet arm: 29 (5–62) versus in the control arm 16 (4–48) (p-value = 0.019), but six months after, the groups were similar (p-value = 0.440). Conclusions: Patients who followed an exclusion diet maintained clinical remission more frequently. However, the threshold for statistical significance was not achieved. There was also a trend of improvement in inflammation tests in the intervention group.
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