Comparing the Occurrence of Healthcare-Associated Infections in Patients with and without COVID-19 Hospitalized during the Pandemic: A 16-Month Retrospective Cohort Study in a Hospital Intensive Care Unit

Author:

Isonne ClaudiaORCID,Baccolini ValentinaORCID,Migliara GiuseppeORCID,Ceparano Mariateresa,Alessandri FrancescoORCID,Ceccarelli GiancarloORCID,Tellan GuglielmoORCID,Pugliese FrancescoORCID,De Giusti Maria,De Vito Corrado,Marzuillo Carolina,Villari Paolo,Barone Lavinia Camilla,Giannini Dara,Marotta Daniela,Marte Mattia,Mazzalai ElenaORCID,Germani Irma,Bellini Arianna,Bongiovanni Andrea,Castellani Marta,D’Agostino Ludovica,De Giorgi Andrea,De Marchi Chiara,Mazzeo Elisa,Orlandi Shadi,Piattoli MatteoORCID,Ricci Eleonora,Siena Leonardo Maria,Territo AlessandroORCID,Zanni Stefano

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the healthcare-associated infection (HAI) risk in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. However, a comparison between patients with and without COVID-19 in terms of HAI incidence has been rarely explored. In this study, we characterized the occurrence of HAI among patients with and without COVID-19 admitted to the ICU of the Umberto I hospital of Rome during the first 16 months of the pandemic and also identified risk factors for HAI acquisition. Patients were divided into four groups according to their ICU admission date. A multivariable conditional risk set regression model for multiple events was constructed for each admission period. Adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Overall, 352 COVID-19 and 130 non-COVID-19 patients were included, and a total of 361 HAIs were recorded. We found small differences between patients with and without COVID-19 in the occurrence and type of HAI, but the infections in the two cohorts mostly involved different microorganisms. The results indicate that patient management was likely an important factor influencing the HAI occurrence during the pandemic. Effective prevention and control strategies to reduce HAI rates should be implemented.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Medicine

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