The Influence of Inset and Shaping of Abdominal-Based Free Flap Breast Reconstruction on Patient-Reported Aesthetic Outcome Scores—A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Nowadays, multimodal cancer therapy results in very high survival rates of early-stage breast cancer and microsurgical flap-based breast reconstruction has become safe and reliable, with gradually increasing demand because of its durable and aesthetically pleasing results. This study aimed to explore the impact of different flap shaping and inset techniques on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) with regard to the aesthetic result in abdominal flap-based breast reconstruction. Methods: A systematic review was performed screening Pubmed, Cochrane Library and Web of Science for original articles reporting flap inset strategies, concomitantly providing PROMs on the aesthetic result. Results: Of 319 studies identified, six met the inclusion criteria. The studies described different flap rotation options according to the patient’s morphology, different inset planes, and avoidance of the monitoring skin paddle, and suggested that a higher flap-to-mastectomy mass ratio was associated with better aesthetic results. In two comparative studies, according to the PROMs (BREAST-Q, Likert scale) and independent observer judgement, both higher patient satisfaction and superior aesthetic results were observed with the newly described techniques. Conclusions: Emphasis on the aesthetic outcome in terms of breast shape and symmetry, providing an individualized approach of flap inset, considering the contralateral breast’s shape and volume, results in higher satisfaction scores.