The RAGE Axis: A Relevant Inflammatory Hub in Human Diseases

Author:

Rojas Armando1ORCID,Lindner Cristian2ORCID,Schneider Ivan3,Gonzalez Ileana1,Uribarri Jaime4ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Biomedical Research Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Maule, Talca 34600000, Chile

2. Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile

3. Centre of Primary Attention, South Metropolitan Health Service, Santiago 3830000, Chile

4. Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10021, USA

Abstract

In 1992, a transcendental report suggested that the receptor of advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) functions as a cell surface receptor for a wide and diverse group of compounds, commonly referred to as advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), resulting from the non-enzymatic glycation of lipids and proteins in response to hyperglycemia. The interaction of these compounds with RAGE represents an essential element in triggering the cellular response to proteins or lipids that become glycated. Although initially demonstrated for diabetes complications, a growing body of evidence clearly supports RAGE’s role in human diseases. Moreover, the recognizing capacities of this receptor have been extended to a plethora of structurally diverse ligands. As a result, it has been acknowledged as a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) and functionally categorized as the RAGE axis. The ligation to RAGE leads the initiation of a complex signaling cascade and thus triggering crucial cellular events in the pathophysiology of many human diseases. In the present review, we intend to summarize basic features of the RAGE axis biology as well as its contribution to some relevant human diseases such as metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, autoimmune, and chronic airways diseases, and cancer as a result of exposure to AGEs, as well as many other ligands.

Publisher

MDPI AG

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