Ocular Manifestation in Systemic Sclerosis—A Literature Review

Author:

Paczwa Katarzyna1,Rerych Magdalena1,Romanowska-Próchnicka Katarzyna2,Różycki Radosław1,Gołębiewska Joanna1

Affiliation:

1. Opthalmology Department, Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, 01-755 Warsaw, Poland

2. Department and Polyclinic of Systemic Connective Tissue Diseases, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland

Abstract

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune connective tissue disease that affects more than 2 million people worldwide. It manifests through vasculopathy, an abnormal immunological response, and fibrosis leading to dysfunction of the multiple organs. The disease is categorized into two subtypes: limited cutaneous SSc and diffuse cutaneous SSc. Scleroderma can affect vital organs with respiratory, cardiac, renal, ocular, and dermatological complications. The ocular manifestations of the disease can occur in the anterior and posterior segments of the eye. Changes in the anterior segment related to the disease include eyelid skin remodeling, dry eye syndrome, and conjunctival abnormalities. The disease’s impact on the posterior segment of the eye mostly causes pathologies in the retinal microcirculatory system and abnormalities in the optic nerve. This review provides detailed insights into ocular complications associated with scleroderma.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Reference42 articles.

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