The Rapid Generation of Cell-Laden, FACS-Compatible Collagen Gels

Abstract

A three-dimensional cell culture in hydrogel beads can support cell growth and differentiation into multi-cellular structures, and these gel beads could be used as building blocks for more complex three-dimensional assemblies. This requires hydrogel beads that are robust enough to sort via FACS yet can be degraded by cell-secreted enzymes. Collagen polymers form hydrogels that are excellent cell growth substrates; however, collagen-containing hydrogel beads typically include additional polymers that limit their degradation. Here, we introduce a simple microfluidic method to generate robust, sortable, cell-laden collagen hydrogel beads. We use on-device pH control to trigger collagen gelation without exposing cells to low pH, ensuring high cell viability. We fabricate microfluidic devices to generate droplets with a wide size range, as demonstrated by production of both small (~55 µm diameter) and large (~300 µm diameter) collagen gels. All hydrogels are sufficiently robust to allow for sorting using FACS. Moreover, high cell viability is maintained throughout the process.