Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Stools of Primary Healthcare Patients in Ethiopia
-
Published:2024-01-18
Issue:1
Volume:13
Page:93
-
ISSN:2079-6382
-
Container-title:Antibiotics
-
language:en
-
Short-container-title:Antibiotics
Author:
Wolde Deneke123ORCID, Eguale Tadesse2ORCID, Alemayehu Haile2ORCID, Medhin Girmay2, Haile Aklilu Feleke2, Pirs Mateja4, Strašek Smrdel Katja4ORCID, Avberšek Jana5ORCID, Kušar Darja5ORCID, Cerar Kišek Tjaša6ORCID, Janko Tea6, Steyer Andrej6ORCID, Starčič Erjavec Marjanca3ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo University, Hossana P.O. Box 667, Ethiopia 2. Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, Ethiopia 3. Department of Microbiology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 4. Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 5. Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 6. National Laboratory of Health, Environment and Food, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli is a growing problem in both developed and developing countries. This study aimed to investigate the phenotypic antimicrobial resistance of E. coli isolates (n = 260) isolated from the stool specimen of patients attending public health facilities in Addis Ababa and Hossana. This study also aimed to characterize phenotypically confirmed extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli isolates (n = 22) using whole-genome sequencing. Resistance to 18 different antimicrobials was assessed using the disc diffusion method according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) guidelines. The highest resistance rate among the E. coli isolates was found for ampicillin (52.7%), followed by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (29.6%). Of all isolates, 50 (19.2%) were multidrug-resistant and 22 (8.5%) were ESBL producers. ESBL genes were detected in 94.7% of the sequenced E. coli isolates, and multiple β-lactamase genes were detected in 57.9% of the isolates. The predominant ESBL gene identified was blaCTX-M-15 (78.9%). The blaTEM-1B gene was detected in combination with other ESBL genes in 57.9% of the isolates, while only one of the sequenced isolates contained the blaTEM-1B gene alone. The blaCTX-M-3 gene was detected in three isolates. The genes blaCTX-M-15 and blaTEM-1B as well as blaCTX-M-15 and blaTEM-169 were confirmed to coexist in 52.6% and 10.5% of the sequenced E. coli isolates, respectively. In addition, blaOXA-1 was identified together with blaCTX-M-15 and blaTEM-1B in one isolate, and in one isolate, blaTEM-169 together with blaCTX-M-15 and blaTEM-1B was found. The results obtained show that measures need to be taken to reduce the spread of drug resistance and ensure the long-term use of available antimicrobials.
Funder
Addis Ababa University Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency
Subject
Pharmacology (medical),Infectious Diseases,Microbiology (medical),General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics,Biochemistry,Microbiology
Reference69 articles.
1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2024, January 12). Antibiotic Resistance Threats in The United States 2019, Available online: https://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/pdf/threats-report/2019-ar-threats-report-508.pdf. 2. Urban-Chmiel, R., Marek, A., ´n-Py´sniak, D.S., Wieczorek, K., Dec, M., Nowaczek, A., and Osek, J. (2022). Antibiotic resistance in bacteria—A review. Antibiotics, 11. 3. World Health Organization (2022). Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) Report 2022, World Health Organization. Available online: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240062702. 4. Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: A systematic analysis;Murray;Lancet,2022 5. Poirel, L., Madec, J.-Y., Lupo, A., Schink, A.-K., Skieffer, N., Nordmann, P., and Schwarz, S. (2018). Antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli. Microbiol. Spectr., 6.
|
|