Bovine Respiratory Disease: Conventional to Culture-Independent Approaches to Studying Antimicrobial Resistance in North America

Author:

Andrés-Lasheras Sara1ORCID,Jelinski Murray2ORCID,Zaheer Rahat1ORCID,McAllister Tim A.1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada

2. Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada

Abstract

Numerous antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance studies have been conducted in North American feedlot cattle to investigate the major bacterial pathogens of the bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex, specifically: Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni, and Mycoplasma bovis. While most bacterial isolates recovered from healthy cattle are susceptible to a repertoire of antimicrobials, multidrug resistance is common in isolates recovered from cattle suffering from BRD. Integrative and conjugative elements (ICE) have gained increasing notoriety in BRD-Pasteurellaceae as they appear to play a key role in the concentration and dissemination of antimicrobial resistant genes. Likewise, low macrolide susceptibility has been described in feedlot isolates of M. bovis. Horizontal gene transfer has also been implicated in the spread of AMR within mycoplasmas, and in-vitro experiments have shown that exposure to antimicrobials can generate high levels of resistance in mycoplasmas via a single conjugative event. Consequently, antimicrobial use (AMU) could be accelerating AMR horizontal transfer within all members of the bacterial BRD complex. While metagenomics has been applied to the study of AMR in the microbiota of the respiratory tract, the potential role of the respiratory tract microbiome as an AMR reservoir remains uncertain. Current and prospective molecular tools to survey and characterize AMR need to be adapted as point-of-care technologies to enhance prudent AMU in the beef industry.

Funder

Beef Cattle Research Council

Genomics Research and Development Initiative

University of Calgary One Health Consortium, Major Innovation Fund, Government of Alberta

Publisher

MDPI AG

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