Effect of Intra-Articular Injection of Platelet-Rich Plasma on the Serum Levels of Osteoarthritic Biomarkers in Patients with Unilateral Knee Osteoarthritis

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of three doses of intra-articular injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) into the osteoarthritic (OA) knee joint on the functional status and on the changes in the levels of specific OA biomarkers in blood serum. Methods: Forty patients with unilateral primary knee osteoarthritis were enrolled in this single center, prospective clinical trial. For each patient, three intra-articular PRP injections were administered one week apart. Clinical and laboratory assessment was performed before the first PRP injection (baseline), and 3 months after the third PRP application (3-month follow up). Pain in the affected knee joint was assessed with the Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VAS). Change in clinical status was evaluated with the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index Questionnaire (WOMAC). Concentrations of 19 biomarkers (EGF, Eotaxin, FGF-2, GRO, IL-10, IL-1RA, IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1, PDGF-AB/BB, RANTES, MMP-3, MMP-13, Collagen type 2, BMP-2, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, TGF beta 1, and COMP) in the serum of studied patients were quantified. Results: At 3-month follow up, there was a significant decrease in the VAS score and significant improvement in the WOMAC score. There was a significant decrease in the levels of Eotaxin, MCP-1, MMP-1, IL-10, EGF, PDGF-AB/BB, TGF- β1 compared to baseline levels. A significant increase in markers BMP-2, COMP, Collagen type 2 and GRO was found at the same time point. There was no significant change in the concentrations of other biomarkers (FGF-2, IL-1RA, IL-8, IL-10, MMP-3, RANTES, TIMP-1, TIMP-3). Conclusions: We found an increase in specific pro-anabolic and anti-inflammatory biomarkers with a concomitant decrease in pro-inflammatory biomarkers at 3 months after three intra-articular applications of PRP. Significant improvement in VAS and WOMAC scores was observed. Treatment with PRP may be an effective therapeutic option with anti-inflammatory and regenerative potential in patients with primary knee OA.