Radionuclide Removal from Aqueous Solutions Using Oxidized Carbon Fabrics

Author:

Ioannidis Ioannis1ORCID,Pashalidis Ioannis1ORCID,Mulla Batuhan2,Kotanidis Gkerman2,Ioannou Kyriacos2,Constantinides Georgios3ORCID,Kostoglou Nikolaos4ORCID,Rebholz Claus2ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus

2. Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, 1 Panepistimiou Avenue, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus

3. Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos 3036, Cyprus

4. Department of Materials Science, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz Josef-Strasse 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria

Abstract

The adsorption of actinide ions (Am(III) and U(VI)) from aqueous solutions using pristine and oxidized carbon fabrics was investigated by means of batch experiments at different pH values (pH 4, 7 and 9) and temperatures (25, 35 and 45 °C) under ambient atmospheric conditions. The experimental results indicated that both the pH and the fabric texture affected the adsorption rate and the relative removal efficiency, which was 70% and 100% for Am(III) and U(VI), respectively. The Kd (L/kg) values for U(VI) were generally found to be higher (2 < log10(Kd)< 3) than the corresponding values for Am(III) adsorption (1.5 < log10(Kd) < 2). The data obtained from the experiments regarding the temperature effect implied that the relative adsorption for both actinides increases with temperature and that adsorption is an endothermic and entropy-driven reaction. The application of the fabrics to remove the two actinides from contaminated seawater samples showed that both the relative removal efficiency and the Kd values decreased significantly due to the presence of competitive cations (e.g., Ca2+ and Fe3+) and complexing anions (CO32−) in the respective waters. Nevertheless, the removal efficiency was still remarkable (50% and 90% for Am(III) and U(VI), respectively), demonstrating that these materials could be attractive candidates for the treatment of radionuclide/actinide-contaminated waters.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Materials Science

Reference54 articles.

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5. Viability of Thorium-Based Nuclear Fuel Cycle for the Next Generation Nuclear Reactor: Issues and Prospects;Humphrey;Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev.,2018

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