Negative Impacts of Arsenic on Plants and Mitigation Strategies

Author:

Sinha Dwaipayan1ORCID,Datta Soumi2,Mishra Reema3,Agarwal Preeti3,Kumari Tripti4,Adeyemi Sherif Babatunde5ORCID,Kumar Maurya Arun6ORCID,Ganguly Sharmistha7,Atique Usman8ORCID,Seal Sanchita9ORCID,Kumari Gupta Laxmi10,Chowdhury Shahana11,Chen Jen-Tsung12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Botany, Government General Degree College, Mohanpur 721436, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India

2. Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, School of Interdisciplinary Sciences and Technology, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India

3. Department of Botany, Gargi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110049, India

4. Department of Chemistry, Gargi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110049, India

5. Ethnobotany/Phytomedicine Laboratory, Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin PMB 1515, Kwara State, Nigeria

6. Department of Botany, Multanimal Modi College, Modinagar, Ghaziabad 201204, Uttar Pradesh, India

7. University Department of Botany, Ranchi University, Ranchi 834008, Jharkhand, India

8. Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Biological Systems, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea

9. Department of Botany, Polba Mahavidyalaya, Polba 712148, West Bengal, India

10. Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal 506004, Telangana, India

11. Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, German University Bangladesh, TNT Road, Telipara, Chandona Chowrasta, Gazipur 1702, Bangladesh

12. Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan

Abstract

Arsenic (As) is a metalloid prevalent mainly in soil and water. The presence of As above permissible levels becomes toxic and detrimental to living organisms, therefore, making it a significant global concern. Humans can absorb As through drinking polluted water and consuming As-contaminated food material grown in soil having As problems. Since human beings are mobile organisms, they can use clean uncontaminated water and food found through various channels or switch from an As-contaminated area to a clean area; but plants are sessile and obtain As along with essential minerals and water through roots that make them more susceptible to arsenic poisoning and consequent stress. Arsenic and phosphorus have many similarities in terms of their physical and chemical characteristics, and they commonly compete to cause physiological anomalies in biological systems that contribute to further stress. Initial indicators of arsenic’s propensity to induce toxicity in plants are a decrease in yield and a loss in plant biomass. This is accompanied by considerable physiological alterations; including instant oxidative surge; followed by essential biomolecule oxidation. These variables ultimately result in cell permeability and an electrolyte imbalance. In addition, arsenic disturbs the nucleic acids, the transcription process, and the essential enzymes engaged with the plant system’s primary metabolic pathways. To lessen As absorption by plants, a variety of mitigation strategies have been proposed which include agronomic practices, plant breeding, genetic manipulation, computer-aided modeling, biochemical techniques, and the altering of human approaches regarding consumption and pollution, and in these ways, increased awareness may be generated. These mitigation strategies will further help in ensuring good health, food security, and environmental sustainability. This article summarises the nature of the impact of arsenic on plants, the physio-biochemical mechanisms evolved to cope with As stress, and the mitigation measures that can be employed to eliminate the negative effects of As.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Plant Science,Ecology,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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