Nitric Oxide, a Key Modulator in the Alleviation of Environmental Stress-Mediated Damage in Crop Plants: A Meta-Analysis
Author:
Khan Murtaza1ORCID, Al Azzawi Tiba Nazar Ibrahim2, Ali Sajid1, Yun Byung-Wook2ORCID, Mun Bong-Gyu2
Affiliation:
1. Department of Horticulture and Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea 2. Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a small, diatomic, gaseous, free radicle, lipophilic, diffusible, and highly reactive molecule with unique properties that make it a crucial signaling molecule with important physiological, biochemical, and molecular implications for plants under normal and stressful conditions. NO regulates plant growth and developmental processes, such as seed germination, root growth, shoot development, and flowering. It is also a signaling molecule in various plant growth processes, such as cell elongation, differentiation, and proliferation. NO also regulates the expression of genes encoding hormones and signaling molecules associated with plant development. Abiotic stresses induce NO production in plants, which can regulate various biological processes, such as stomatal closure, antioxidant defense, ion homeostasis, and the induction of stress-responsive genes. Moreover, NO can activate plant defense response mechanisms, such as the production of pathogenesis-related proteins, phytohormones, and metabolites against biotic and oxidative stressors. NO can also directly inhibit pathogen growth by damaging their DNA and proteins. Overall, NO exhibits diverse regulatory roles in plant growth, development, and defense responses through complex molecular mechanisms that still require further studies. Understanding NO’s role in plant biology is essential for developing strategies for improved plant growth and stress tolerance in agriculture and environmental management.
Funder
National Research Foundation of Korea
Subject
Plant Science,Ecology,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
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