Close Associations of Gum Bleeding with Systemic Diseases in Late Adolescence

Abstract

Background: Though it is well known that periodontal diseases are associated with various systemic diseases in adults, the associations in late adolescents have not been adequately elucidated. We investigated the association between gum bleeding (a major symptom of periodontal diseases) and common systemic diseases in late adolescents: allergic, respiratory, and otorhinolaryngologic diseases. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of the mandatory medical questionnaires administered as a part of legally required freshman medical checkup between April 2017 and April 2019 at the University of Tokyo. Among the total of 9376 sets of responses, 9098 sets from students aged less than 20 were analyzed. An χ2 test and univariate and multivariate binomial logistic regression analyses were performed using SAS ver. 9.4. A value of p < 0.05 was accepted as significant. Results: According to the questionnaire data, 3321 students (36.5%; 2780 males and 541 females) responded that they experienced gum bleeding whenever they brushed their teeth. These students had significantly higher incidence rates of otitis media/externa and asthma/cough-variant asthma (p = 0.001 and p = 0.006, respectively). The results of the multivariate analysis showed significant rates of the following complications among these students: (1) otitis media/externa (odds ratio (OR) 1.691; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.193–2.396; p = 0.003), (2) asthma/cough-variant asthma (OR 1.303; 95% CI: 1.091–1.556; p = 0.003), and (3) male gender (OR 1.536; 95% CI: 1.337–1.765; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Gum bleeding was closely associated with otitis media/externa and asthma in late adolescents. Our study reinforces new evidence about the association between periodontal diseases and asthma, and it reveals a novel and close association between gum bleeding and otitis media/externa.