Long-Term Follow Up of Patients Treated for Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Cytomegalovirus Colitis

Abstract

Background: Pathological reactivation of latent Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is triggered by inflammation and immunosuppression; both present in the pathogenesis and treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Whether CMV reactivation is associated with escalating medical therapy, further hospital admissions, or worse clinical outcomes remains controversial. This study aimed to follow up IBD patients with an index episode of CMV colitis and analyse the clinical outcomes. Methods: A retrospective study of patients with IBD treated for CMV colitis was completed. The outcome results were collected at 6-month and 12-month time points after the first episode of CMV colitis. A total of 13 patients with Ulcerative Colitis and 1 with Crohn’s Disease were included. Results: CMV colitis recurrence occurred in 29% of patients at 12 months. A total of 43% of patients had changed their biologic dose at 6 months and 29% had escalated their biologic dose at 12 months. At 12 months, 36% of patients had been re-hospitalised, including three colectomies. Disease remission was only achieved by 29% of patients at 12 months. Conclusions: IBD patients with CMV colitis have substantial rates of re-hospitalisation, failed medical therapy, and colectomy. These risks may be greater at <6 months from an index episode of CMV colitis.