Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) in Adult Cardiac Arrest: Clinical Review

Author:

Magon Federica1,Longhitano Yaroslava2ORCID,Savioli Gabriele3ORCID,Piccioni Andrea4ORCID,Tesauro Manfredi56,Del Duca Fabio7ORCID,Napoletano Gabriele7ORCID,Volonnino Gianpietro7ORCID,Maiese Aniello8,La Russa Raffaele9ORCID,Di Paolo Marco8,Zanza Christian610

Affiliation:

1. Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Bicocca University of Milano, 20126 Milano, Italy

2. Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA

3. Departement of Emergency, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy

4. Department of Emergency Medicine, Gemelli Hospital, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy

5. Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy

6. Geriatric Medicine Residency Program, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy

7. Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Rome, Italy

8. Department of Surgical Pathology, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy

9. Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy

10. Italian Society of Prehospital Emergency Medicine (SIS 118), 74121 Taranto, Italy

Abstract

Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) is a rapid and valuable diagnostic tool available in emergency and intensive care units. In the context of cardiac arrest, POCUS application can help assess cardiac activity, identify causes of arrest that could be reversible (such as pericardial effusion or pneumothorax), guide interventions like central line placement or pericardiocentesis, and provide real-time feedback on the effectiveness of resuscitation efforts, among other critical applications. Its use, in addition to cardiovascular life support maneuvers, is advocated by all resuscitation guidelines. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize the key applications of POCUS in cardiac arrest, highlighting, among others, its prognostic, diagnostic, and forensic potential. We conducted an extensive literature review utilizing PubMed by employing key search terms regarding ultrasound and its use in cardiac arrest. Apart from its numerous advantages, its limitations and challenges such as the potential for interruption of chest compressions during image acquisition and operator proficiency should be considered as well and are discussed herein.

Publisher

MDPI AG

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