Current and Future Technologies for the Detection of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria

Author:

Yamin Dina123ORCID,Uskoković Vuk45,Wakil Abubakar36,Goni Mohammed7ORCID,Shamsuddin Shazana8,Mustafa Fatin9,Alfouzan Wadha1011,Alissa Mohammed12ORCID,Alshengeti Amer1314ORCID,Almaghrabi Rana1516,Fares Mona17ORCID,Garout Mohammed18,Al Kaabi Nawal1920ORCID,Alshehri Ahmad21ORCID,Ali Hamza22ORCID,Rabaan Ali162324ORCID,Aldubisi Fatimah25,Yean Chan26ORCID,Yusof Nik2ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Al-Karak Public Hospital, Karak 61210, Jordan

2. Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, University Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia

3. Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Malaysia Kelantan, Kota Bharu 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia

4. TardigradeNano LLC., Irvine, CA 92604, USA

5. Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA

6. Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri 600104, Borno, Nigeria

7. Public Health and Zoonoses Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia

8. Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia

9. Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bharu 81310, Johor, Malaysia

10. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait

11. Microbiology Unit, Department of Laboratories, Farwania Hospital, Farwania 85000, Kuwait

12. Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia

13. Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah 41491, Saudi Arabia

14. Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Prince Mohammad Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, National Guard Health Affairs, Al-Madinah 41491, Saudi Arabia

15. Pediatric Department, Prince Sultan Medical Military City, Riyadh 12233, Saudi Arabia

16. College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia

17. Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia

18. Department of Community Medicine and Health Care for Pilgrims, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia

19. College of Medicine and Health Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates

20. Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi Health Services Company (SEHA), Abu Dhabi 51900, United Arab Emirates

21. Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia

22. Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah 41411, Saudi Arabia

23. Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia

24. Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan

25. Pediatrics Department, Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh 13245, Saudi Arabia

26. Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance is a global public health concern, posing a significant threat to the effectiveness of antibiotics in treating bacterial infections. The accurate and timely detection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is crucial for implementing appropriate treatment strategies and preventing the spread of resistant strains. This manuscript provides an overview of the current and emerging technologies used for the detection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. We discuss traditional culture-based methods, molecular techniques, and innovative approaches, highlighting their advantages, limitations, and potential future applications. By understanding the strengths and limitations of these technologies, researchers and healthcare professionals can make informed decisions in combating antibiotic resistance and improving patient outcomes.

Funder

Fundamental Research Grant Scheme from the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia

Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) Short-Term Grant

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Clinical Biochemistry

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