Comparative Review of the Current and Future Strategies to Evaluate Bone Marrow Infiltration at Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Diagnosis

Abstract

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) requires a complete staging at diagnosis that may have prognostic and therapeutic implications. The role of bone marrow (BM) biopsy (BMB) is controversial in the era of nuclear imaging techniques. We performed a comparative review of 25 studies focused on BM evaluation at DLBCL diagnosis, including at least two of the following techniques: BMB, flow cytometry, and positron emission tomography (PET-FDG). The report about BM involvement (BMi), diagnostic accuracy, and prognostic significance was collected and compared among techniques. A concordance analysis between BMB, FCM, and PET was also performed, and we deeply evaluated the implications of the different types of BMi: concordant by LBCL or discordant by low-grade B-cell lymphoma for both BMB and FCM, and focal or diffuse uptake pattern for PET. As a main conclusion, BMB, FCM, and PET are complementary tools that provide different and clinically relevant information in the assessment of BMi in newly diagnosed DLBCL.