Plasmonic Modification of Epitaxial Nanostructures for the Development of a Highly Efficient SERS Platform
Author:
Dumiszewska Ewa1ORCID, Michałowska Aleksandra2, Nozka Libor34ORCID, Czolak Dariusz1, Krajczewski Jan2ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Łukasiewicz—Institute of Microelectronics and Photonics, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland 2. Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 1 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland 3. Joint Laboratory of Optics of Palacky University and Institute of Physics AS CR, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 17. Listopadu 50a, 772 07 Olomouc, Czech Republic 4. Joint Laboratory of Optics of Palacky University and Institute of Physics AS CR, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
Abstract
Epitaxy is the process of crystallization of monocrystalline layers and nanostructures on a crystalline substrate. It allows for the crystallization of various semiconductor layers on a finite quantity of semiconductor substrates, like GaAs, InP, GaP, InGaP, GaP, and many others. The growth of epitaxial heterostructures is very complicated and requires special conditions and the precise control of the growth temperature, the pressure in the reactor, and the flow of the precursors. It is used to grow epitaxial structures in lasers, diodes, detectors, photovoltaic structures, and so on. Semiconductors themselves are not suitable materials for application in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) due to poor plasmonic properties in the UV/VIS range caused by missing free electrons in the conduction band due to the existing band gap. A plasmonic material is added on top of the nanostructured pattern, allowing for the formation of mixed photon–plasmon modes called localized surface plasmon-polaritons which stand behind the SERS effect. Typically, gold and silver are used as functional plasmonic layers. Such materials could be deposited via chemical or physical process. Attention has also been devoted to other plasmonic materials, like ones based on the nitrides of metals. The SERS performance of a functional surface depends both on the response of the plasmonic material and the morphology of the underlying semiconductor epitaxial layer. In the context of SERS, epitaxial growth allows for the fabrication of substrates with well-defined 3D nanostructures and enhanced electromagnetic properties. In this work, we described the possible potential plasmonic modification, composed of various coatings such as noble metals, TiN, and others, of well-developed epitaxial nanostructures for the construction of a new type of highly active SERS platforms. This abstract also highlights the role of epitaxial growth in advancing SERS, focusing on its principles, methods, and impact. Furthermore, this work outlines the potential of epitaxial growth to push the boundaries of SERS. The ability to design substrates with tailored plasmonic properties opens avenues for ultralow concentration detection.
Subject
Inorganic Chemistry,Condensed Matter Physics,General Materials Science,General Chemical Engineering
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