Biochar Production and Characteristics, Its Impacts on Soil Health, Crop Production, and Yield Enhancement: A Review
Author:
Khan Shahbaz1ORCID, Irshad Sohail2ORCID, Mehmood Kashf3, Hasnain Zuhair4ORCID, Nawaz Muhammad5, Rais Afroz6, Gul Safia6, Wahid Muhammad Ashfaq7, Hashem Abeer8, Abd_Allah Elsayed Fathi9ORCID, Ibrar Danish10ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Colorado Water Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA 2. Department of Agronomy, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan 64200, Pakistan 3. Department of Biological Sciences, Superior University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan 4. Department of Agronomy, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan 5. Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan 6. Department of Botany, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women’s University, Quetta 87300, Pakistan 7. Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan 8. Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11452, Saudi Arabia 9. Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11452, Saudi Arabia 10. Crop Science Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan
Abstract
Rapid urban expansion and a booming population are placing immense pressure on our agricultural systems, leading to detrimental impacts on soil fertility and overall health. Due to the extensive use of agrochemicals in agriculture, the necessity to meet the expanding demand for food has also resulted in unsustainable farming practices. Around the world, biochar, a multipurpose carbonaceous material, is being used to concurrently solve issues with enhancing soil fertility, plant growth, and development under both normal and stressful circumstances. It improves water retention, fosters nutrient absorption, and promotes microbial activity, creating a fertile environment that supports sustainable and resilient agriculture. Additionally, biochar acts as a carbon sink, contributing to long-term carbon sequestration and mitigating climate change impacts. The major benefit of biochar is that it helps the adsorption process with its highly porous structures and different functional groups. Understanding the elements involved in biochar formation that determine its characteristics and adsorptive capacity is necessary to assure the viability of biochar in terms of plant productivity and soil health, particularly biological activity in soil. This paper focuses on the development, composition, and effects of biochar on soil fertility and health, and crop productivity.
Funder
King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Subject
Plant Science,Ecology,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
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