Relationships within Bolbitis sinensis Species Complex Using RAD Sequencing

Author:

Nie Liyun123,Fang Yuhan1,Xia Zengqiang14,Wei Xueying15,Wu Zhiqiang2ORCID,Yan Yuehong5ORCID,Wang Faguo14ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China

2. Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China

3. School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6149, Australia

4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

5. Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, The National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518114, China

Abstract

Species identification and phylogenetic relationship clarification are fundamental goals in species delimitation. However, these tasks pose challenges when based on morphologies, geographic distribution, and genomic data. Previously, two species of the fern genus Bolbitis, B. × multipinna and B. longiaurita were described based on morphological traits; they are phylogenetically intertwined with B. sinensis and fail to form monophyletic groups. To address the unclear phylogenetic relationships within the B. sinensis species complex, RAD sequencing was performed on 65 individuals from five populations. Our integrated analysis of phylogenetic trees, neighbor nets, and genetic structures indicate that the B. sinensis species complex should not be considered as separate species. Moreover, our findings reveal differences in the degree of genetic differentiation among the five populations, ranging from low to moderate, which might be influenced by geographical distance and gene flow. The Fst values also confirmed that genetic differentiation intensifies with increasing geographic distance. Collectively, this study clarifies the complex phylogenetic relationships within the B. sinensis species complex, elucidates the genetic diversity and differentiation across the studied populations, and offers valuable genetic insights that contribute to the broader study of evolutionary relationships and population genetics within the Bolbitis species.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program

Publisher

MDPI AG

Reference66 articles.

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