The Estimation of Shear Wave Velocity for Shallow Underground Structures in the Central Himalaya Region of Nepal

Author:

Thapa Umesh Jung1,Paudel Satish2ORCID,Bhusal Umesh Chandra3,Ghimire Hari3,Khadka Shyam Sundar1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel 45200, Nepal

2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA

3. Explorer Geophysical Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Kathmandu 44600, Nepal

Abstract

A subsurface investigation was conducted to assess the suitability of a site for potential tunnel construction, focusing on the determination of shear wave velocities (Vs) in subsurface materials. This study employed three distinct methods to analyze Vs in weathered soft rock: drilling mechanism, multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW), and microtremor array measurement (MAM). Through the utilization of MASW and MAM, empirical relationships were established, enabling the determination of Vs based solely on soil type and depth, offering a practical alternative to the limitations of SPT N-Value, particularly when exceeding 50 blows. The comparison of Vs values obtained from these methods revealed a close alignment between empirical techniques and MASW/MAM, which proved to be cost-effective and an efficient alternative to drilling for comprehensive underground structure assessments. The reliability of MASW was further underscored through its comparison with existing empirical methods. Moreover, the empirical approach demonstrated its efficacy in predicting velocities in weathered soft rock within the Central Himalayan region of Nepal, thus enhancing the feasibility study of underground structures. Lastly, this study proposed a Vs-Depth correlation specifically tailored for highly weathered meta-sandstone bedrock resulting in clay and sandy soils.

Funder

Energize Nepal of Kathmandu University

University Grant Commission of Nepal

Publisher

MDPI AG

Reference92 articles.

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1. Site-Specific Seismic Hazard Analysis for Shallow Tunnel in Nepal;IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science;2024-08-01

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